A Goldmedia study for Cologne's business development agency KölnBusiness and the Landesanstalt für Medien NRW, the state media regulator, puts Germany's creator economy at an estimated €7.7 billion (roughly $9 billion), among the largest markets in Europe, with €1.8 billion (~$2.1 billion) in North Rhine-Westphalia and €700 million (~$820 million) in Cologne. It counts 4,803 creators with at least 10,000 followers in the state, 1,526 of them in Cologne, and finds that platforms keep about 63% of revenue while creators receive about 33% before tax. The study names market saturation, rising costs and falling organic reach as the main pressures, and film and TV production among the neighbouring industries the creator business feeds.